Boss Appreciation Day Quotes

Here is an unofficial code: if you want to climb the corporate ladder, first learn to manage your boss. With a happy boss, you can reach the top. On this Bosss Day, share these quotes with your superior to win them over. Robert Frost The difference between a job and a career is the difference between forty and sixty hours a week. Sam Walton There is only one boss. The customer. And he can fire everybody in the company from the chairman on down, simply by spending his money somewhere else. Howard Aiken Dont worry about people stealing your ideas. If your ideas are any good, youll have to ram them down peoples throats. John Gotti If you think your boss is stupid, remember: you wouldnt have a job if he was any smarter. Lawrence H. Martin In many businesses, today will end at five oclock. Those bent on success, however, make today last from yesterday right through to tomorrow. Elbert Hubbard There is no failure except in no longer trying. Doug Larson Accomplishing the impossible means only that the boss will add it to your regular duties. Casey Stengel The secret of successful managing is to keep the five guys who hate you away from the four guys who havent made up their minds. The key to being a good manager is keeping the people who hate you away from those who are still undecided. Peter Drucker Management by objective works—if you know the objectives. Ninety percent of the time you dont. Homer Simpson Kill my boss? Do I dare live out the American dream? Tim Gould Ive been promoted to middle management. I never thought Id sink so low. Byron Pulsifer A good boss is a person who can tolerate my complaints and still manage to say hello to me every day. If it wasnt for bad bosses, I wouldnt know what a good one was like. Leo J. Farrell, Jr. The mark of a true executive is usually illegible. Cedric Adams Executive: A man who talks to visitors so the other employees can get their work done.

Ethnic Tensions Between The Rwanda And The Rwandan Economy

Introduction For decades, Rwanda had been griped with ethnic tensions between the majority Hutu and minority Tutsi populations. These tensions culminated in 1994 when 800,000 to 1 million Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed by Hutu extremists. It is known to be â€Å"the most efficient mass killing since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.† While the ethnic tensions between the Hutus and Tutsis has been cited as the root cause for the genocide, it was not the only reason. It was the economic and political instability that plagued the nation coupled with the ongoing ethnic tensions that led to the genocide in 1994. Pre-Genocide Rwandan Economy Overview Before the genocide in 1994, 90% of the Rwandan population relied on rain-fed subsistence agriculture, which accounted for around 38% of total GDP. Agribusiness also accounted for about 70% of exports, with coffee and tea as the major sources of export earnings. With few natural resources, Rwanda’s economy was mainly restricted to small and uncompetitive industrial sectors, and the production of coffee and tea was especially suited to the small-farm size and family-based mode within the nation. As an economy highly dependent on export earnings, Rwanda’s main export products, such as coffee, were cultivated by around 70% of rural households through the country. In fact, the economic crisis occurred in Rwanda in the early 1990s was mainly attributed to the collapse of international coffee market and furtherShow MoreRelatedThe Genocide Of The Rwandan Genocide1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rwanda Genocide was an unfortunate case where thousands of deaths could have been prevented, but because of irresponsibility and selfishness of global governments’ innocent lives were lost. The Genocide began on April 6, 1994 and was, â€Å"initiated by the Hutu political elite and extremists and its military support, their prime targets were the Tutsi, as well as Hutu moderates.† (Hain 2) The Hutu made up majority of the population and government officials and enforced a government-assisted militaryRead MoreConflict Is A Old As Mankind1230 Words   |  5 Pages Coming to the assignment, my topic is on Rwandan war, which talks about how ethnic conflict between Hutu and Tutsi community resulted in a War and failure of the peace treaty that led to Genocide. And lastly, how justice was delivered. pective The Rwandan Civil War The Rwandan Civil War was a conflict between the government of President Juvenal Habyarimana and the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) in Rwanda.The conflict began on 1 OctoberRead MoreUNs Failures in Preventing Rwandan Genocide811 Words   |  3 PagesAldelman (2005), the Rwanda 1994 genocide was the most disastrous case of mass murder the entire world has ever witnessed since WWII. The genocide resulted from the deliberate choice of a modern elite to foster hatred and fear to keep itself in power. According to Shah, (2006), this was a case of the majority Hutu who comprised 85% of the population turning against the Tutsi minority who made up 12% of the population in order to counter a growing political opposition within Rwanda. The killings accountedRead More Roots of the Rwandan Genocide1739 Words   |  7 PagesApril 6, 1994, Rwanda experienced a period of great turmoil as thousands of people fell victim to the horrors of the Rwandan genocide. The main targets of the genocide were Tutsis and Hutu moderates. Though the main cause of the genocide was a conflict between two ethnicities, the genocide was also fueled by political factors and social conditions. Rwanda is the smallest sub-Saharan country with a population of about 7 million inhabitants. Although the indigenous peoples of Rwanda are the Twa, theyRead More Civil War in Congo Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The recent Civil War in Congo has been a bloody flight, causing more then 3.3 million deaths in just 4 short years.1 Various rebel and ethnic groups have have been involved in the violence, fighting over Congos rich natural resources or engaged in a bitter ethnic war. With so many opposing factions, it has made reaching a solution difficult. While a rough peace treaty has been established, sporadic fighting pops up in the country everyday. The people of Congo areRead MoreRwand The Rwandan Genocide1296 Words   |  6 Pages The Rwandan genocide was the killing of 800,000 people in just 100 days. The Rwandan genocide took place in 1994. During this time Rwanda was a small country with a mostly agricultural economy. Although it is small it had one of the largest populations. In 1994 Rwanda was made up of three different ethnic groups. The Hutu made of 85% of the Rwandan population. The Tutsi’s made of 14% of the population and was the minority. The Tw a was a small Pygmy group that made up 1% of the population (unitedhumanrightsRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rwandan Genocide was one of the most violent genocides in the history of the world and was intricately planned and implemented by the ethnic group called the Hutu in an attempt to eliminate another, the Tutsis. Though the genocide lasted only one hundred days, the number of deaths is estimated to be approximately 800,000. In the wake of the genocide, mass chaos plagued the country of Rwanda, deepening the divide between the groups Hutu and Tutsi. Although it can be said the genocide was causedRead MoreAn Inside Look at Rwanda Essays1195 Words   |  5 PagesRwanda is one of the smaller countries in Africa located south of the equator in Central/ Eastern Africa. It has a number of lakes, the largest being Lake Kivu. Mountains cut through the majority of Central and Western Rwanda, its Eastern border, however consists of swamps, savannas and plains. Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The country is home to various cultures and languages such as Kinyarwanda (Bantu) and French. Although mostly recoveredRead MoreA Look at the Rwandan Genocide Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagesterrible economies. People are suffering and have very little hope. Genocide is the only reason. Everything could have been prevented if genocide didn’t exist. The world basically ignored the genocide and pretended like it never happened because they didn’t want to spend the money. Thousands of people could still be alive if the world stepped up at helped the victims of this horrible crime. Rwanda used to be a peaceful country until the Civil war started. Belgium then took over Rwanda and put theRead MoreRwanda During The Colonial Era1502 Words   |  7 Pagescolonial era, Rwanda had larger population of Hutus compared to Tutsis and Twa. Rwanda as a country was divided into three ethnic groups i.e. Hutu (approximately about 85%), Tutsi (14%) and Twa (1%) (United Nations). Although, Tutsis were the minorities, they belonged to the higher strata compared to the other ethnic groups; Tutsis were privileged and had power and control over the Hutus and Twas. â€Å"Hutus were formerly bound to their Tutsi patrons via client ship† (Sinema, 2012). When Rwanda was colonized

The Exxon Valdez 1989 Oil Spill Free Essays

This summary will briefly discuss three topics: a) the oil spill, b) the environmental damage and clean up, and c) the insurance coverage settlements. This paper will then focus on the insurance coverage settlements. Afterwards, it will provide an analysis on the effectiveness of the dispute resolution process. We will write a custom essay sample on The Exxon Valdez 1989 Oil Spill or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill of 1989 was one of the largest manmade environmental disasters (Rodgers et al, 2005, p. 136). It occurred in U. S. waters at Prince William Sound, Alaska in March 1989 (Rodgers et al, 2005, p. 136). The oil tanker, Exxon Valdez, struck a reef and discharged an estimated 10. 8 million gallons of oil according to Exxon estimates but other sources indicate that it is around 30 million gallons (Rodgers et al, 2005, p. 136). The oil belonged to Exxon Corporation while the tanker belonged to Exxon Shipping, its subsidiary (Holman, Fenwick Willan, 2004, p. 1). The environmental damage caused by the oil spill and the subsequent clean up of the spill and its contaminants became the subject of numerous litigations (Rodgers et al, 2005). Environmental damage claims and settlements ran into several billion U. S. dollars (Rodgers et al, 2005, p. 149-88). Oil spill clean up expenses likewise ran into several billion U. S. dollars (Holman, Fenwick Willan, 2004, p. 2). In this regard, due to the huge volume of lawsuits, the complexity of the case or cases, the wide coverage of the disaster, and the disaster’s far-reaching implications among other considerations, Exxon Corporation undertook a wide variety of legal strategies. One of those strategies involved alternative dispute resolution through settlements for insurance coverage disputes. The Exxon insurance coverage disputes are complex (Covington Burling LLP, 2007). One point of consideration is that Exxon’s primary insurers are reinsured with Lloyd’s London (Holman, Fenwick Willan, 2004, p. 2). This complicates the disputes since Exxon is an American company while its underwriters are international business entities. Hence, the dispute involved significant activities in many locations: Texas, New York, London, Oslo, Alaska and other places (Covington Burling LLP, 2007). As such, issues on jurisdiction and applicability of laws whether English law or New York law should be applied made litigations costly and long. Covington Burling LLP represented Exxon from 1991 to 1997 in â€Å"its hotly contested, multi-forum claims for coverage of losses arising out of the grounding of the Valdez† (Covington Burling LLP, 2007). In early 1997, these disputes ended after Exxon and the Lloyd’s consortium of international underwriters and various Scandinavian companies settled for $780 million (Treaster, 1996; Covington Burling LLP, 2007). Covington Burling LLP (2007) best describes the legal complexity of these disputes, to quote: The Exxon claims arose out of the company’s Global Corporate Excess package of policies for 1988-89, which was characterized by high limits and high retentions. Exxon claimed coverage under various sections of the package, including the first-party property section’s cover for removal of debris, the marine liability section’s cover for cargo-owner pollution losses, and the general liability section’s cover for pollution clean-up costs. Meanwhile, the Covington Burling LLP strategy involved: a) â€Å"a non-binding ADR procedure moderated by a London-based barrister before any litigation commenced;† b) â€Å"a Texas lawsuit filed by Exxon that the underwriters unsuccessfully sought three times to remove and that resulted in a jury verdict for Exxon on one of its three claims;† c) â€Å"an arbitration proceeding in New York;† d) â€Å"a federal declaratory judgment action in New York that the underwriters struggled to keep alive despite a dismissal and multiple trips to the Second Circuit and the Supreme Court on jurisdictional issues;† and finally, e) â€Å"two settlements — one for $300 million before the Texas verdict and one for $480 million while the Texas verdict was on appeal and just before the arbitration hearing was to commence† (2007). Many forms of alternative dispute resolutions or ADR can be made. Balmer (n. d. ) notes that several types of ADR can in fact be customized as can be seen from the Exxon insurance settlements. Some of these customized ADRs can range â€Å"from non-assisted discussions through mediation, neutral fact finders, case exposure such as mini-trials, arbitration both binding and non-binding, and limited issue litigation† (Balmer). Exxon already spent some U. S. $ 2. 5 Billion in damage claims as a result of the oil spill (Rodgers et al, 2005). Without ADR, it would have been unable to recover some $780 million from its insurance coverage (Treaster, 1996) while Exxon’s insurance disputes could have been unnecessarily protracted. For this incident, Exxon employed litigation but was always open to the many forms of alternative dispute resolution. For instance, Exxon used mediation through a non-binding ADR procedure moderated by a London-based barrister before any litigation commenced (Covington Burling LLP, 2007). Technically, mediation involves a neutral third party who helps in hammering out a resolution (Balmer). In another instance, Exxon employed arbitration proceedings. Balmer describes arbitration as â€Å"getting a neutral party or panel to reach a decision on facts, law or both.† Most importantly, Exxon often used settlements. How to cite The Exxon Valdez 1989 Oil Spill, Papers

Analysis of Linear DNA Genomes Separation in Gel Electrophoresis

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of Linear DNA Genomes Separation in Gel Electrophoresis. Answer: Introduction Agarose gel electrophoresis has been widely used as a form of separating DNA genomes in varying sizes from 100 kp upto 25 kb. Isolation of Agarose gel is obtained from the genera Gelidium and Gracilaria.in the gelato process, the polymers of agarose often form an association of none covalent which form networks of pore sizes which determine the molecular ability of sieving properties. Use of gel electrophoresis is beneficial in separation of DNA genomes. Electrophoresis process is key in separating the different nucleic acids using various sizes and charges depending on the contents of the solution. In this experiment, lab analysis of gel was used to put gel solutions in charged nucleic acids for separation purposes. At this point the larger DNA and RNA have a hard time in separating thus allowing time for separation of the genomes based on the sizes. The rate of separation of the DNA molecule in the experiment was determined by the rate at which the sizes of the DNA, the concentration of the gel, DNA Conformation present, voltage degree applied, ehidium bromide solution introduced, type of agarose and the buffer being utilized in electrophoresis. After the process of separation, DNA molecules will be able to be visualized in the UV light using staining process to identify the different genomes. Thus in essence DAN electrophoresis defines the process by which the DNA migrates in the supporting medium. Most of electrophoresis is carried in agarose gels in narrow polymers of gels using pores of different sizes, this sieving provides a means by which the pores gives an opportunity for the DNA molecules to go through the pores at different sizes thus being separated using molecular weights. Thus this laboratory report uses agarose Gels while staining with ethidium bromide to assess the separation process of the different DNA genomes. Thus it seeks to investigate the DNA genome separation to assess the different nucleic acids by their respective sizes. Materials and methods Refer to the Lab Manual 5 for in-depth methodology and procedure. Results Diagrammatic presentation of gel DNA Table 1; Showing gel electrophoresis picture Standard curve for DNA ladder Table 2; Showing curve presentation of the base pairs against distance travelled Table of standard curve values Bp size 100 200 300 400 Log10(bp) 2 2.3 2.3 2.4 Distance cm 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.38 Table 3; Showing table figure for the curve Calculation process Table 4; Showing how to calculate base pairs Example suppose we have a base pair having travelled 0.3 cm, then draw a line as illustrated above and take the readings on the corresponding logbp and take the anti log, which you get the base pair size. This gives us anti log of 3.0, which is 1000kbp Insert values table Bp size 100 200 300 400 Log10(bp) 2 2.3 2.3 2.4 Distance 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.38 Size of pUC19 100,200,300, 400, 500,600 700,800,900, 1000,1500 2000,2500, 3000,4000, 5000,6000 8000,10000 Size of insert 0.1kbp 0.2kbp 0.3kbp 0.4kbp Table 5; Showing the sizes of pUC19 and their insert sizes Discussion Agarose gel electrophoresis has been utilised as a common method for separation of proteins, (Kryndushkin et al., 2003). The basic forms of nucleic acids can be separated through the aid of electrification process whereby charged molecules move to the anode side. This migration as depicted in the experiment ensures that molecules which have lower molecular weight are able to move faster, (Sambrook Russel 2001). The process of electrophoresis is a crucial step in ensuring purification process of the desired DNA bands. In this experiment the usage of ethidium bromide is essential in visualizing the staining of the transcend DNA molecules. In this task, the Agarose gel electrophoresis plays a key role in ensuring the characteristics of DNA are obtained without any alterations. This experiment has yielded results which have enabled determination of DNA fragments sizes through digestion by restriction enzymes. The visualization has been effected with the use of ethidium bromide which is a common agent in nucleic acid purification process. The Agarose gel concentration on this task entailed the separation of the gel using agarose gel concentration of 0.2%w/v having bands from 0.1-1 kb. The distance travelled by DNA molecules in electrophoresis is directly proportional to the size of the DNA itself. The agarose gel is beneficial in ensuring that there are movements based on their sizes. With the various differences between the various rates of the DNA molecules in the gel solution, they are separated based on the size of the bases. The relationship built between the varied sizes of the DNA genome. The sieving of DNA is done through the size which it bears, (Southern, 1975). The length of DNA strands often vary from 50 base pairs to upto million s base pairs which agarose gel electrophoresis can be effective in separating them , the migration and distance travelled is linked on the concentration of the agarose used to prepare the gel. Concentrations having lower concentration are able to travel faster in the distance travelled and vice versa. In this study agarose gel of 2% has been used which was effective in separating the DNA at range of 0.1-1 kb, the low percentile gels often signify gels which are weak. Double stranded DNA moves faster as the molecules travels; its speed is inversely proportional to the logarithm of base pairs. This linked and established relationships depends on the strength of the of gel composition. The distance travelled by the digested genome signifies that there is action of restriction enzymes which shows that there restrictions which have taken place, thus distinguishing the variability linked to genetics and enzyme cost. The digested fragments were this separated using the agarose gel electrophoresis which showed continuous smear on the gel surface with the distribution of the difference fragment sizes being established. Digested pUC19 is a plasmid and able to transform itself on the transformation process where it can be able to multiply itself and express. Undigested pUC19 originate from E coli and contain high number of base pairs. The transformation efficiently portrayed shows that smaller pUC19 plasmid sin E choli can be manipulated and be transformed from the ampicilin forms. This shows that the DNA is in contact form with plasmid DNA being intact and with presence of viral chromosomes which can be transformed into high efficiencies. This transformation is through the resulting effect of digestion of peri plasmids. The undigested Puc19 shows presence base pairs which have the ability to perform recombination and be incorporated into cells, (Goto, Kenta Yukio, 2013). The lanes which have recombination factor is able to facilitate the cloning of DNA in host cells. This signifies recombination of various fragments of gel solution. The lanes that have been generated originated from digestion of particular DNA, which gives it equimolar amounts. Based on the lanes, there is variation on the number of non molar amounts, thus signifying that there is difference in band lengths. Others have shown to represent circular forms of the plasmids which is dependent on the age and quality of the plasmids. The existence of three forms of DNA formation which exists include linear formation, open circular formation and supercoiled forms. Plasmid DNA have been prevalently been studied in laboratory studies. After its preparation they exists in the three forms above. With good plasmid preparation, DNA often form plasmid which exist in any one strands of the DNA, this break causes the release of the phosphordiester backbones of the DNA to be released out. The visualising process of the agarose gel using the standard control tool is key to assess whether the bands have created a generation or not. Closer bands are well compressed than far away bands as indicated in the gel view. The standard marker used in this experiment was essential in ensuring that the standards sizes are generated using base pairs. This result signifies that electrophoresis is an effective way of separating nucleic acids. High gel agarose gives room for handling of low percentage gel separation. Due to the size of the base pair present in this experiment, has utilised field gel electrophoresis. This is comparable to studies done (Lee et al, 2012), which have shown that sizes of DNA can be separated effectively through plotting on the log of molecular weight and different bands of DNA against the distance moved, this portray how different forms of gel can be able to move at different speeds. Super coiled plasmid DNA have sown to move faster, while those in linear formation travel averagely while open circular travel slowly. References Goto, K., Nagano, Y. (2013). Ultra-low background DNA cloning system. PloS one, 8(2), e56530. Kryndushkin DS, Alexandrov IM, Ter-Avanesyan MD Kushnirov VV (2003). Yeast [PSI+] prion aggregates are formed by small Sup35 polymers fragmented by Hsp10. Journal of Biological Chemistry.278 (49): 49636. Lee, P. Y., Costumbrado, J., Hsu, C. Y., Kim, Y. H. (2012). Agarose gel electrophoresis for the separation of DNA fragments. Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE, (62). Sambrook JRussel DW(2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 3rd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Cold Spring Harbor, NY. Southern, E. M. (1975). Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J mol biol, 98(3), 503-517.

Daimler-Chrysler A Cultural Mismatch Essay Example

Daimler-Chrysler: A Cultural Mismatch Paper The merger of Daimler-Benz (the manufacturer of Mercedes-Benz) (Germany) and the Chrysler Corporation (USA), is classed as a cross-culture merger. A cross-cultural merger is the process of two companies from different backgrounds and with different practices were joined together to form one successful company. There were many different reasons why a cross-culture merger is not successful. Daimler-Chrysler failed to analyse both companies before they went ahead with the merger. The main reason that their merger was not successful was that the German way of business and the American ways differ profoundly. Both companies should have been analysed to examine their strengths and weaknesses, in regards to their practice. The communication between both companies lacked and therefore no common ground was found. A merger is the process of two or more entities combining into one for the hope of increasing market share. This process can be achieved by a company merging with or acquiring their competitors. This process has become quite common over the years. Differences in culture, language, and business practices can prove a liability. In most cases, mergers are claimed to be a partnership of two equal businesses but this may not always be the cases. Some companies may acquire companies that are under-performing in a mutual market. Companies may indulge in such a process to increase customer share or to avoid costly marketing battles. Co-CEO of Daimler Chrysler stated that the deal was never expected top be a merger but more Daimler-Benz were acquiring Chrysler. We will write a custom essay sample on Daimler-Chrysler: A Cultural Mismatch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Daimler-Chrysler: A Cultural Mismatch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Daimler-Chrysler: A Cultural Mismatch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Looking can the histories of both Daimler-Benz and Chrysler, Its clear to see that Daimler Benz were the bigger company as Mercedes-Benzs are manufactured in no less than 13 different countries including Thailand, UK, and Argentina. In regards to sales revenue Daimler- Benz outperformed Chrysler as the Chrysler Corporation Had experienced hard times in the early 1990s. It seemed that Chrysler was starting to show improvements in sales, especially when they introduced their range of jeeps, which proved to be most profitable. Introduction In this report we will be discussing questions in regards to the merger between Daimler- Benz and The Chrysler Corporation. One of the basic elements within a merger is to realise the synergies between two or more companies. However, some companies that take part in a merger fail to realise the synergies that were expected to be gained. We will discuss why The Daimler Chrysler merger failed to realise the synergies that were expected from it. Another important aspect of mergers and acquisitions is the identification of cross cultural issues between two companies from different cultural backgrounds. Many cross-cultural mergers fail due to the lack of attention given to the difference between the two cultures. We will briefly describe the issues that should have been addressed to make the cross cultural merger between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler a success. In most cases, companies involved in a merger claim for the process to be a partnership of two equals. This may not always be the case as one company may always be bigger than the other. Jurgen Schrempp, co-CEO of Daimler Chysler made particular comments stating the deal was never really intended to be a merger and that Daimler- Benz had acquired Chrysler. We will be discussing the backgrounds of both companies, which will then give an indication of why Mr. Scrempp made such comments. Case 2.1 Daimler-Chrysler Merger: A Cultural Mismatch 1. Mergers and acquisitions take place to realise the synergies between the two or more companies involved. Why do you think the Daimler-Chrysler merger failed to realise the synergies that were expected from it? After the merger in 1998, DaimlerChrysler have been through integration problems especially due to the differences of culture between Americans and Germans. By making references to the Cultural Web, this part of the report will show the key post merger problems that the company had to solve and will analyse if solutions were effective or not. Firstly I will present the culture of the organisation, then I will describe the Cultural Web and lastly I will present the key issues and assessment of solutions. First of all, the culture of the organisation must be resumed by the representation if the Beliefs and Values of the company. Beliefs are issues which people in the organisation can talk about and Values represent missions and objectives of the company. The paradigm is the taken for granted assumptions as the core of an organisation (Johnson. G, eds. 2002, p 229). The Cultural Web of Daimler Chrysler The key issue here was the definition of the alliance between the two companies. As it was presented as a Merger of Equal, Managers followed this way of work. But as we will see later in the report, it turned into a take-over of Chrysler by Daimler-Benz. It was a mistake to call it a Merger of Equal as many people in Germany and in US have been confused. This problem will have consequences on the US part of the company as Americans did not expect to be acquired by Germans and especially because you do not work the same way or the power of decision making is not the same when you merge than when you are acquired. Germans should have said it at the beginning of the processus to avoid such problems. Then, we have the Rituals and Routines part: Rituals are things like training program, assessment, promotion and Routines are the way we do things (Lynch.R, 2003, p259). RR used during the integration process were mainly the speed in the integration process and the creation of an Integration Council. This Council was on charge to organise the merger quickly as when two companies come together, people expect changes and it is better to move fast than to move slowly but it is a dangerous way to do. However, this Council was the real power base of DaimlerChrysler. Routines are also hard to change as they are part of the corporate culture and DaimlerChrysler had to face to many differences in the way they work, in their decision making process and in the way they communicate. Those differences created tensions. For instance, final approval by top management is very important in the German decision making process but Americans encourage own initiative and do not always wait for execut ive level approval. Then Germans are used to work late hours but Americans do not stay long as a routine. To solve this clash of culture, managers decided to pick up a spot in the middle. That was not an efficient solution as mentalities are hard to change and as German Culture was dominance, it allowed it to become more dominant. The Control System are the measurements and reward systems that emphasis what is important to monitor in the organisation (Lynch.R, 2003, p259). As soon as Chryslers problems have had repercussions on DaimlerChrysler, they decided to set up two turnaround plan. But the main key issue here was the differences in compensations. First Eaton was much more rewarded than Schrempp and Americans earned two, three, and sometimes four times more than their German counterpart. It was not possible to decrease Chrysler salaries as managers would have resigned and such differences were unacceptable for Germans. They also decided to set up a compensation scheme based on low basic salaries and high performance dependent bonuses. It was efficient as bonuses depend on performance because people would feel more motivated by work this way. In the Organisational System part, which is likely to reflect power structures and defines the level of hierarchy and the type of structure used (Lynch.R, 2003, p259), one of the key issues was the choice of the AG structure which is the German way to do. In terms of good development of DaimlerChrysler, it was not efficient as it shows that the Germans want to dominate the merge. We have also to note that as a consequences Daimler executives became more numerous than Chrysler executives in the Management Board (7 Chrysler and 9 Daimler at first and 4 Chrysler and 8 Daimler at the end) (Herbert.P, 2003, DaimlerChrysler Case Study). Another key issue concerned also the differences in the organisation structure. First Daimler was managed as a conglomerate with 21 separate businesses whereas Chrysler was run as a highly centralised car manufacturer. Chrysler had also a cross functional structure where the Germans kept responsibility clearly separate. Managers did not decide what to do with that they spot in the middle which had not been efficient as German structure were going to be dominant and Americans had to adapt. It is important to underline the fact that as soon as Germans dominance became clear, many designers, production people and executive left the company for competitors. They loose good employees. Functional integration and branding policies were also core issues because in terms of brands they decided to keep each other brand unique: teams do not have to mix but the company wants to make cost synergies by jointly purchasing components and by benchmarking and mutual learning. It was a good strategy because the brands do not have the same targets. However we have to note that at the beginning Chrysler hoped that linking itself to this luxury brand will boot its image where Germans do not want to associate Chrysler image with Mercedes. The process of mutual learning is really effective because companies save a lot on costs and they also gained on time by using each others strengths. The Power Structure in the case of DaimlerChrysler was a heavy power structure which was not easy to manage (18 members and 2 co-chairmen just after the merger). It was hard for only 2 persons to get along. When it became obvious that Eaton made wrong management decision, some tensions came between Germans and Americans. That is why they decided to reduce the Management Board to 12 members. Right after, Eaton fired the change agent: Stallkamp and Eaton resigned. It was not a good decision as Stallkamp was the one who had always tried to balance the interests and culture of the two firms. Even if it was a good decision to reduce the Management Board, the resignation of Eaton gave to the Germans more power. The key issue in the Symbol part is in term of branding policy. Brands are very different and Daimler decided to keep each identity separated. They also decided to create a Brand Bible to make it clear. It shows that Daimler consider the alliance an acquisition and not a Merger of Equal anymore. Conclusion To conclude, we can say that the merger between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler was not a marriage in heaven as it has been said but companies have been through many difficulties to work together especially because of their business differences. Several years after the merger, we can say that majority of solutions were not effective and have to be solved in a better way as they contributes to separate the two companies. The integration must continue as the process to form a Welt AG is not complete. This merger is still controvert as today Schrempp is accused of cheating on the real nature of the merger to avoid to pay a higher price to work with Chrysler. Daimler Chrysler also acquired 34% of Mitsubishi in order to conquer the Asian Market. But we can wonder how can Shrempp get along with three companies when he was not able to deal with two.

The eNotes Blog Paid and Unpaid Internships What Are You Worth,Interns

Paid and Unpaid Internships What Are You Worth,Interns Paid and unpaid internships have been around since the mid 1800s. Back in the day, however, the only such positions would be found in the medical field since  it was the opinion that medical education could best be gleaned by experiential learning- these internships are now called residencies and these doctors actually do get paid. The 1930s are  when the average internship we know and love (and sometimes love to hate) began to form; in 1938, the Fair Standards Labor Act  was passed in the United States, laying out six irrefutable rules for what made an unpaid internship a legal practice: The internship must be similar to training that would be given in an educational environment. The internship must be for the benefit of the intern. The intern does not displace regular, paid employees. The employer derives no immediate advantage from the intern. The intern is not entitled to a job at the end of the internship. The intern understands that he or she is not entitled to wages. Even with the establishment of these (now heavily debatable, depending on the internship in question) ground rules, the real boom of the unpaid internship didnt come about until the 1970s–80s. At that time, there were two key shifts in the workforce: For the first time it seems that employers became truly aware of the benefits of contingent workers (temporary/part-time/unpaid employees). Not only were these employees more easily disposable, but they  also didnt require employers  to provide benefits and it was  nearly impossible for these workers to unionize. The move to the unpaid internship was coupled with the proliferation of  HR  departments that often became solely responsible for the hiring and firing of employees; something about having a specific branch of the company responsible for acquiring workers made it easier to find people willing to do menial work for little to no compensation. Unfortunately, the situation hasnt gotten better. In 1997, the National Association of Colleges and Employers reported that the  percentage of college graduates with an internship was 17%. By  2008, that number had grown to 50%. Predictably, these numbers continued to grow after 2008 with the onslaught of the recession. The dramatic economic downturn led employers to hire  more and more unpaid interns, and an increasing number of new grads and unemployed young professionals became even more likely to accept these positions. Before the recession, approximately one-third of internships were unpaid, as compared to now when a little over half of these jobs come without compensation (The Economist). Most  unpaid jobs  fall into the laps of college students and recent graduates. These individuals are most likely to be part  of the unpaid workforce because they are newbies to the job market needing  experience to start  their resumes. As a result, there are a number of internship programs that offer college credit in place of financial compensation (though recently awareness has been growing about the fact that many unpaid interns eligible for college credit are not even enrolled in school and are receiving nothing for their work). According to Gina Neff, communications professor at the University of Washington, this offer of college credit is really a good deal for schools. For universities, its really cheap moneyThey are getting tuition dollars and not having to spend instructional dollars. (The Economist) Though receiving college credit is better than nothing for the majority of university students, this working for no pay business has its own price. The majority of  students in this country are unable to afford the astronomical prices of higher education and therefore require not only hefty loans but also need to work on the side to afford  necessities (things like food, rent, and utilities). College credit in place of wages ultimately does not lessen college spending, but does consume  irretrievable time that could be spent at even  a minimum wage position to assist with the piling bills. Unpaid internships also pose an enormous burden to recent graduates who no longer receive loans but now must pay them back. Where do employers who dont pay their workers expect this money to come from? Perhaps its a matter of little consequence to said employers, but student loans and their associated interest rates add up to quite a sum  of money, especially for a person working up to forty hours a weekand earning absolutely nothing. Over the past few decades, there has been relatively little stir over the continued exploitation of an unpaid workforce. However, the movement into the 21st century has inspired some interns to take a look at their jobs and question whether or not what they were doing was  legal. In the case of Eric Glatt (former intern of Fox Searchlight during the production of Black Swan), it has been decided that no, in fact,  the tasks he was assigned were the work of an entry-level professional, not the mindless coffee-fetching one often associates with internships of the past; This culture of expecting to be able to get free labor if you slap the title intern on it has become so pervasive that people dont question whether its ethically wrong or legally acceptable. Glatts lawsuit is far from unique in its accusations against a former employer, but there is a great deal of hesitancy from interns about  the prospect of coming forward with their experiences; often, the payouts from these cases (even in the case of a victory) are  relatively small, and especially in the cases of denied claims, the intern loses marketability and risks ostracization from his or her desired field. More often than not, interns of all income levels are expected to perform the tasks of full-time employees but are regarded as  worthy of less or no compensation. Promises of college credit and job experience are empty; college credit costs interns both money and time, and  dangling the carrot of resume fodder is ridiculous- an intern could put a given  work experience on their resume just as easily if he or she were  paid for their labor. The takeaway message: potential interns must decide for themselves whether their time and skill is worthy of pay (note that if a company is willing to  associate their name with your work, then it is certainly worth enough for said company to pay for said work). What do you think? Let us know in the comments below! * is an equal-opportunity employer. Writing as an intern for this company, I will verify that pays its interns a fair wage.

AHS 176 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

AHS 176 - Research Paper Example This picture Dorothea Lange Migrant Mother Nipomo California North America (1936) was known as the best image of its time. This abstract picture presents different dimensions of a simple life. The technique used by the photographer is â€Å"realistic†. The photographer has focused on presenting the real expressions of the woman and children who were a migrant and were suffering through depressing time in those years. The aim of the photographer behind the picture could be presenting the feelings and emotions of the people who were suffering badly and this is the reason this picture presents realistic situation (Barnet 2002). The second picture by the name of Cafà © "Au Tambour" was taken by one of the renowned photographer i.e. EuGENE ATGET back in 1908. The picture has been taken from the Archives Photographiques of Paris. The picture thus reflects history of Paris i.e. they were very interested in the instruments such as drums (tambour), there were different signs of metal workers moreover showing the signs of the modern life with the help of distorted figures in the doorway of the cafà © (Frizot 1999)2. Technique could be realistic or naturalistic. The picture has the realistic technique. This document has not only more than one function but more than one ontology. The photograph was included in an album by the name of Enseignes ET Vieilles Boutiques De Paris. This album deals with the aspects of the modern life. It was sold to Bibliotheque National between 1910 and 1915. These albums were not placed in library files, in fact they were catalogued under the name do the photographer i.e. Atget as if they were published books. With this transfer for the archive to the book, the documents entered the new century. The professional viewers were considered as a general viewer. At this time or the history of the photography, the old hierarchies of the technical signs were upset. Thus, resulting in windowpane became the critical space (Frizot